/*
 * Gary Cornell and Cay S. Horstmann, Core Java (Book/CD-ROM)
 * Published By SunSoft Press/Prentice-Hall
 * Copyright (C) 1996 Sun Microsystems Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved. ISBN 0-13-565755-5
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
 * software and its documentation for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes
 * and without fee is hereby granted provided that this
 * copyright notice appears in all copies.
 *
 * THE AUTHORS AND PUBLISHER MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
 * WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THE SOFTWARE, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. THE AUTHORS
 * AND PUBLISHER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED
 * BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING
 * THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
 */

/**
 * A class for formatting numbers that follows printf conventions.
 * Also implements C-like atoi and atof functions
 * @version 1.01 15 Feb 1996
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */

// package corejava;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Format

{ /**
  * Formats the number following printf conventions.
  * Main limitation: Can only handle one format parameter at a time
  * Use multiple Format objects to format more than one number
  * @param s the format string following printf conventions
  * The string has a prefix, a format code and a suffix. The prefix and suffix
  * become part of the formatted output. The format code directs the
  * formatting of the (single) parameter to be formatted. The code has the
  * following structure
  * <ul>
  * <li> a % (required)
  * <li> a modifier (optional)
  * <dl>
  * <dt> + <dd> forces display of + for positive numbers
  * <dt> 0 <dd> show leading zeroes
  * <dt> - <dd> align left in the field
  * <dt> space <dd> prepend a space in front of positive numbers
  * <dt> # <dd> use "alternate" format. Add 0 or 0x for octal or hexadecimal nu
mbers. Don't suppress trailing zeroes in general floating point format.
  * </dl>
  * <li> an integer denoting field width (optional)
  * <li> a period followed by an integer denoting precision (optional)
  * <li> a format descriptor (required)
  * <dl>
  * <dt>f <dd> floating point number in fixed format
  * <dt>e, E <dd> floating point number in exponential notation (scientific for
mat). The E format results in an uppercase E for the exponent (1.14130E+003), t
he e format in a lowercase e.
  * <dt>g, G <dd> floating point number in general format (fixed format for sma
ll numbers, exponential format for large numbers). Trailing zeroes are suppress
ed. The G format results in an uppercase E for the exponent (if any), the g for
mat in a lowercase e.
  * <dt>d, i <dd> integer in decimal
  * <dt>x <dd> integer in hexadecimal
  * <dt>o <dd> integer in octal
  * <dt>s <dd> string
  * <dt>c <dd> character
  * </dl>
  * </ul>
  * @exception IllegalArgumentException if bad format
  */

   public Format(String s)
   {  width = 0;
      precision = -1;
      pre = "";
      post = "";
      leading_zeroes = false;
      show_plus = false;
      alternate = false;
      show_space = false;
      left_align = false;
      fmt = ' ';

      int state = 0;
      int length = s.length();
      int parse_state = 0;
      // 0 = prefix, 1 = flags, 2 = width, 3 = precision,
      // 4 = format, 5 = end
      int i = 0;

      while (parse_state == 0)
      {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
         else if (s.charAt(i) == '%')
         {  if (i < length - 1)
            {  if (s.charAt(i + 1) == '%')
               {  pre = pre + '%';
                  i++;
               }
               else
                  parse_state = 1;
            }
            else throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
         }
         else
            pre = pre + s.charAt(i);
         i++;
      }
      while (parse_state == 1)
      {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
         else if (s.charAt(i) == ' ') show_space = true;
         else if (s.charAt(i) == '-') left_align = true;
         else if (s.charAt(i) == '+') show_plus = true;
         else if (s.charAt(i) == '0') leading_zeroes = true;
         else if (s.charAt(i) == '#') alternate = true;
         else { parse_state = 2; i--; }
         i++;
      }
      while (parse_state == 2)
      {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
         else if ('0' <= s.charAt(i) && s.charAt(i) <= '9')
         {  width = width * 10 + s.charAt(i) - '0';
            i++;
         }
         else if (s.charAt(i) == '.')
         {  parse_state = 3;
            precision = 0;
            i++;
         }
         else
            parse_state = 4;
      }
      while (parse_state == 3)
      {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
         else if ('0' <= s.charAt(i) && s.charAt(i) <= '9')
         {  precision = precision * 10 + s.charAt(i) - '0';
            i++;
         }
         else
            parse_state = 4;
      }
      if (parse_state == 4)
      {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
         else fmt = s.charAt(i);
         i++;
      }
      if (i < length)
         post = s.substring(i, length);
   }

  /**
  * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
  * @param s a PrintStream
  * @param fmt the format string
  * @param x the double to print
  */

   public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, double x)
   {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
   }

  /**
  * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
  * @param s a PrintStream
  * @param fmt the format string
  * @param x the long to print
  */
  public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, long x)
   {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
   }

  /**
  * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
  * @param s a PrintStream
  * @param fmt the format string
  * @param x the character to
  */

   public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, char x)
   {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
   }

  /**
  * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
  * @param s a PrintStream, fmt the format string
  * @param x a string that represents the digits to print
  */

   public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, String x)
   {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
   }

  /**
  * Converts a string of digits (decimal, octal or hex) to an integer
  * @param s a string
  * @return the numeric value of the prefix of s representing a base 10 integer
  */

   public static int atoi(String s)
   {  return (int)atol(s);
   }

  /**
  * Converts a string of digits (decimal, octal or hex) to a long integer
  * @param s a string
  * @return the numeric value of the prefix of s representing a base 10 integer
  */

   public static long atol(String s)
   {  int i = 0;

      while (i < s.length() && Character.isSpace(s.charAt(i))) i++;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '0')
      {  if (i + 1 < s.length() && (s.charAt(i + 1) == 'x' || s.charAt(i + 1) == 'X'))
            return parseLong(s.substring(i + 2), 16);
         else return parseLong(s, 8);
      }
      else return parseLong(s, 10);
   }

   private static long parseLong(String s, int base)
   {  int i = 0;
      int sign = 1;
      long r = 0;

      while (i < s.length() && Character.isSpace(s.charAt(i))) i++;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '-') { sign = -1; i++; }
      else if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '+') { i++; }
      while (i < s.length())
      {  char ch = s.charAt(i);
         if ('0' <= ch && ch < '0' + base)
            r = r * base + ch - '0';
         else if ('A' <= ch && ch < 'A' + base - 10)
            r = r * base + ch - 'A' + 10 ;
         else if ('a' <= ch && ch < 'a' + base - 10)
            r = r * base + ch - 'a' + 10 ;
         else
            return r * sign;
         i++;
      }
      return r * sign;
   }

   /**
   * Converts a string of digits to an double
   * @param s a string
   */

   public static double atof(String s)
   {  int i = 0;
      int sign = 1;
      double r = 0; // integer part
      double f = 0; // fractional part
      double p = 1; // exponent of fractional part
      int state = 0; // 0 = int part, 1 = frac part

      while (i < s.length() && Character.isSpace(s.charAt(i))) i++;
      if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '-') { sign = -1; i++; }
      else if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '+') { i++; }
      while (i < s.length())
      {  char ch = s.charAt(i);
         if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
         {  if (state == 0)
               r = r * 10 + ch - '0';
            else if (state == 1)
            {  p = p / 10;
               r = r + p * (ch - '0');
            }
         }
         else if (ch == '.')
         {  if (state == 0) state = 1;
            else return sign * r;
         }
         else if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E')
         {  long e = (int)parseLong(s.substring(i + 1), 10);
            return sign * r * Math.pow(10, e);
         }
         else return sign * r;
         i++;
      }
      return sign * r;
   }

   /**
   * Formats a double into a string (like sprintf in C)
   * @param x the number to format
   * @return the formatted string
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if bad argument
   */

   public String form(double x)
   {  String r;
      if (precision < 0) precision = 6;
      int s = 1;
      if (x < 0) { x = -x; s = -1; }
      if (x < 1e-99) x = 0.0;  // added by petermc, 1/12/99
      if (fmt == 'f')
         r = fixed_format(x);
      else if (fmt == 'e' || fmt == 'E' || fmt == 'g' || fmt == 'G')
         r = exp_format(x);
      else throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();

      return pad(sign(s, r));
   }

   /**
   * Formats a long integer into a string (like sprintf in C)
   * @param x the number to format
   * @return the formatted string
   */

   public String form(long x)
   {  String r;
      int s = 0;
      if (fmt == 'd' || fmt == 'i')
      {  s = 1;
         if (x < 0) { x = -x; s = -1; }
         r = "" + x;
      }
      else if (fmt == 'o')
         r = convert(x, 3, 7, "01234567");
      else if (fmt == 'x')
         r = convert(x, 4, 15, "0123456789abcdef");
      else if (fmt == 'X')
         r = convert(x, 4, 15, "0123456789ABCDEF");
      else throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();

      return pad(sign(s, r));
   }

   /**
   * Formats a character into a string (like sprintf in C)
   * @param x the value to format
   * @return the formatted string
   */

   public String form(char c)
   {  if (fmt != 'c')
         throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();

      String r = "" + c;
      return pad(r);
   }

   /**
   * Formats a string into a larger string (like sprintf in C)
   * @param x the value to format
   * @return the formatted string
   */

   public String form(String s)
   {  if (fmt != 's')
         throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
      if (precision >= 0) s = s.substring(0, precision);
      return pad(s);
   }


   /**
   * a test stub for the format class
   */

/*
   public static void main(String[] a)
   {  double x = 1.23456789012;
      double y = 123;
      double z = 1.2345e30;
      double w = 1.02;
      double u = 1.234e-5;
      int d = 0xCAFE;
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%f|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "u = |%20f|\n", u);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |% .5f|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "w = |%20.5f|\n", w);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%020.5f|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+20.5f|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+020.5f|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |% 020.5f|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "y = |%#+20.5f|\n", y);
      Format.print(System.out, "y = |%-+20.5f|\n", y);
      Format.print(System.out, "z = |%20.5f|\n", z);

      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%e|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "u = |%20e|\n", u);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |% .5e|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "w = |%20.5e|\n", w);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%020.5e|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+20.5e|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+020.5e|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "x = |% 020.5e|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "y = |%#+20.5e|\n", y);
      Format.print(System.out, "y = |%-+20.5e|\n", y);

      Format.print(System.out, "x = |%g|\n", x);
      Format.print(System.out, "z = |%g|\n", z);
      Format.print(System.out, "w = |%g|\n", w);
      Format.print(System.out, "u = |%g|\n", u);
      Format.print(System.out, "y = |%.2g|\n", y);
      Format.print(System.out, "y = |%#.2g|\n", y);

      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%020d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%+20d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |% 020d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%-20d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20.8d|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%x|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20X|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%#20x|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%020X|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20.8x|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%o|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%020o|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%#20o|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%#020o|\n", d);
      Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20.12o|\n", d);

      Format.print(System.out, "s = |%-20s|\n", "Hello");
      Format.print(System.out, "s = |%-20c|\n", '!');
   }
*/

   private static String repeat(char c, int n)
   {  if (n <= 0) return "";
      StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer(n);
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) s.append(c);
      return s.toString();
   }

   private static String convert(long x, int n, int m, String d)
   {  if (x == 0) return "0";
      String r = "";
      while (x != 0)
      {  r = d.charAt((int)(x & m)) + r;
         x = x >>> n;
      }
      return r;
   }

   private String pad(String r)
   {  String p = repeat(' ', width - r.length());
      if (left_align) return pre + r + p + post;
      else return pre + p + r + post;
   }

   private String sign(int s, String r)
   {  String p = "";
      if (s < 0) p = "-";
      else if (s > 0)
      {  if (show_plus) p = "+";
         else if (show_space) p = " ";
      }
      else
      {  if (fmt == 'o' && alternate && r.length() > 0 && r.charAt(0) != '0') p
 = "0";
         else if (fmt == 'x' && alternate) p = "0x";
         else if (fmt == 'X' && alternate) p = "0X";
      }
      int w = 0;
      if (leading_zeroes)
         w = width;
      else if ((fmt == 'd' || fmt == 'i' || fmt == 'x' || fmt == 'X' || fmt ==
'o')
         && precision > 0) w = precision;

      return p + repeat('0', w - p.length() - r.length()) + r;
   }


   private String fixed_format(double d)
   {  String f = "";

      if (d > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL) return exp_format(d);

      long l = (long)(precision == 0 ? d + 0.5 : d);
      f = f + l;

      double fr = d - l; // fractional part
      if (fr >= 1 || fr < 0) return exp_format(d);

      return f + frac_part(fr);
   }

   private String frac_part(double fr)
   // precondition: 0 <= fr < 1
   {  String z = "";
      if (precision > 0)
      {  double factor = 1;
         String leading_zeroes = "";
         for (int i = 1; i <= precision && factor <= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL; i++)
         {  factor *= 10;
            leading_zeroes = leading_zeroes + "0";
         }
         long l = (long) (factor * fr + 0.5);

         z = leading_zeroes + l;
         z = z.substring(z.length() - precision, z.length());
      }


      if (precision > 0 || alternate) z = "." + z;
      if ((fmt == 'G' || fmt == 'g') && !alternate)
      // remove trailing zeroes and decimal point
      {  int t = z.length() - 1;
         while (t >= 0 && z.charAt(t) == '0') t--;
         if (t >= 0 && z.charAt(t) == '.') t--;
         z = z.substring(0, t + 1);
      }
      return z;
   }

   private String exp_format(double d)
   {  String f = "";
      int e = 0;
      double dd = d;
      double factor = 1;
      if (d != 0.0) {  // condition added by petermc, 9/28/98
      // Below, ">" changed to ">=" by petermc, 10/6/98
      while (dd >= 10) { e++; factor /= 10; dd = dd / 10; }
      while (dd < 1) { e--; factor *= 10; dd = dd * 10; }
      }  // condition added by petermc, 9/28/98
      if ((fmt == 'g' || fmt == 'G') && e >= -4 && e < precision)
         return fixed_format(d);

      d = d * factor;
      f = f + fixed_format(d);

      if (fmt == 'e' || fmt == 'g')
         f = f + "e";
      else
         f = f + "E";

      String p = "00";  // this was 000 not 00
      if (e >= 0)
      {  f = f + "+";
         p = p + e;
      }
      else
      {  f = f + "-";
         p = p + (-e);
      }

      return f + p.substring(p.length() - 2, p.length());  // this was 3 not 2
   }

   private int width;
   private int precision;
   private String pre;
   private String post;
   private boolean leading_zeroes;
   private boolean show_plus;
   private boolean alternate;
   private boolean show_space;
   private boolean left_align;
   private char fmt; // one of cdeEfgGiosxXos


  // Routines below added by petermc, 10/7/98
  // Modified 1/26/99

  public static double readDouble(DataInputStream in) throws IOException, EOFException {
    String line = in.readLine();
    if (line == null) throw new EOFException();
    double val = 0.0;
    try {
      val = new Double(line).doubleValue();
    } catch (NumberFormatException nfx) {
      System.out.println("Bad file format:  need a double");
      System.exit(0);
    }
    return val;
  }


  public static double[] readDoubles(DataInputStream in) throws IOException, EOFException {
    String line = in.readLine();
    if (line == null) throw new EOFException();
    StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(line);
    int n = tokens.countTokens();
    double[] vals = new double[n];
    try {
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	vals[i] = new Double(tokens.nextToken()).doubleValue();
      }
    } catch (NumberFormatException nfx) {
      System.out.println("Bad file format:  need doubles");
      System.exit(0);
    }
    return vals;
  }

  // Routines below added by petermc, 1/25/99

  public static int readInt(DataInputStream in) throws IOException, EOFException {
    String line = in.readLine();
    if (line == null) throw new EOFException();
    int val = 0;
    try {
      val = Integer.parseInt(line);
      // or new Integer(line).intValue();
    } catch (NumberFormatException nfx) {
      System.out.println("Bad file format:  need an integer");
      System.exit(0);
    }
    return val;
  }


  public static int[] readInts(DataInputStream in) throws IOException, EOFException {
    String line = in.readLine();
    if (line == null) throw new EOFException();
    StringTokenizer tokens = new StringTokenizer(line);
    int n = tokens.countTokens();
    int[] vals = new int[n];
    try {
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
	vals[i] = Integer.parseInt(tokens.nextToken());
	// or new Integer(tokens.nextToken()).intValue();
      }
    } catch (NumberFormatException nfx) {
      System.out.println("Bad file format:  need integers");
      System.exit(0);
    }
    return vals;
  }


  // routines below added by petermc, 1/29/99

  public static String toString(Point<2> p) {
    String line = "[" + p[1] + "," + p[2] + "]";
    return line;
  }


  public static String toString(RectDomain<2> R) {
    Point<2> min = R.min(), max = R.max();
    String line = "[" + toString(min) + ":" + toString(max) + "]";
    return line;
  }


  public static String toString(RectDomain<1> R) {
    Point<1> min = R.min(), max = R.max();
    String line = "[" + min[1] + ":" + max[1] + "]";
    return line;
  }


  // routine below added by petermc, 2/9/99

  public static String toString(RectDomain<2> R, int dim) {
    // String representation of an edge segment with dimension dim constant
    Point<2> min = R.min(), max = R.max();
    if (min[dim] != max[dim]) {
      return (toString(R) + " -- not constant in dimension " + dim);
    }
    double fixed = (double) min[dim] + 0.5;  // min[dim] == max[dim]
    String line;
    if (dim == 1) {
      line = "[" + fixed + ", [" + min[2] + ":" + max[2] + "]]";
    } else {
      line = "[[" + min[1] + ":" + max[1] + "], " + fixed + "]";
    }
    return line;
  }
}